What is the difference between phase and neutral?

Ac current have both directions pahse and neutral, phase is just one of three in a 3-phase network. Neutral is zero or it is in center of coordinate digram between phase and neutral.

In the diagram the neutral is at the center, and each arrow represents a phase vector. In this case the mains voltage is 120 V, and when you look at only one phase you could invert the arrow and still have a 120 V sine. But the phases aren’t just related to the neutral, they’re also used with respect to the other phases. If you would measure the voltage between the A phase and the B phase you’d find that it’s √<span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-1-Frame" tabindex="0" data-mathml="3″ role=”presentation” style=”margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline; line-height: normal; word-spacing: normal; word-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;”>33 larger than 120 V, or 210 V. These voltages are often used in industry where 3 × 210 V will give you more power at lower currents than just 120 V. Under a balanced 3-phase load there won’t flow any current through the neutral, while there will be current for each phase.

  • In AC circuit current flows in both directions. Phase acts as main supply line while neutral acts like a return path for the circuit to be completed.
  • Phase has some potential value but neutral has zero potential value in normal condition.
  • In the case of fault condition or Short Circuit there is flow of Current and voltage from neutral.
  • It is required to close the circuit for the utilization of electrical energy and neutral is used as return/Closing path.


Phase can be considered as positive and neutral can be considered as negative terminal of battery. Only difference is that in DC circuit current flows from positive to negative terminal but in AC circuit it flows in both directions. Phase acts as main supply line while neutral acts like a return path for the circuit to be completed. We must always connect a switch between the phase and not the neutral conductor if we do so even if switch is off their is a chance of getting an electric shock. Also if you have to find which terminal is phase and which terminal is neutral then you can make use of a tester. Tester has a small led in it. When that led it indicates that their is a current at that point. When you will touch phase conductor with the tester that led glows while when you touch neutral conductor that led remains in off state. This experiment proves that in phase conductor is dangerous to touch with bare hands while neutral is not.

Disclaimer :- If you want to perform this practical then please carry out under observation of an experienced person.

Phase through which power supply enters the APPLIANCES and exits through neutral.

Phase-entry path

Neutral-exit path

In any electric Circuit the close path is required and, if current get the close path then and then the current flows..

Now in the system there is a phase and a neutral. Phase gives the input electrical power to the circuit and act as a supply, as we know that there is no current in open Circuit so it’s required the return path or close loop, the neutral is act as a return path of the system.. And so we can say that neutral has a zero potential.

It is required to close the circuit for the utilization of electrical energy..

See, its not necessary that only neutral can give the return path, but if there’s proper earthing then that earthing path is also work as a return path of the system because earth is at zero potential so we can take earthing as a neutral also..


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